(洗涤作用).ppt

文档介绍：(洗涤作用)(洗涤作用)§;Nosurfactantsbyselfcancleanasurface;Detergency(洗涤作用)–thisterm,whenappliedtoasurfactants,–acombinationofeffectsinvolvingadsorptionatinterface,alterationofinterfacialtension,solubilization,emulsification,andtheformationanddissipationofsurfacecharges;Detergency–involvingmechanicalaction,biochemicalaction,(洗涤作用)(洗涤作用)§(thesurfacethatistobecleaned)Hardsurface–glass,metals,andetcSoftsurface–fabric,fiberThesoil(thematerialthatistoberemovedfromthesubstrateinthecleaningprocess)Liquidsoils–oilorfatSolidsoils–blackcarbon,dust,andetc(3)(洗涤作用)(洗涤作用)–soft&poroussubstrates,particlediameterroftheparticles,thenforce,r<100nm,thendifficulttowashoff(2)Electrostaticforce–surfacepotentailwool/water=-48mVcotton/water=-38mVsilk/water=-1mVcationbridge(阳离子桥)-polyvalencyionsSoil---++----------------擂啸孕三驻塌布威遥繁迂锄宽边住掖期钱矣琉粒练蹋察堪测花深乞施蛮作(洗涤作用)(洗涤作用)–soft&poroussubstrates,particlediameterroftheparticles,thenforce,r<100nm,thendifficulttowashoff(2)Electrostaticforce–surfacepotentailwool/water=-48mVcotton/water=-38mVsilk/water=-1mVcationbridge(阳离子桥)-polyvalencyionsElectrostaticforce>MechanicalforceSoil------------------++++肺渴特悼锹务讹姑投豁瞻晕卒讫伊课彼驳邵踌卞殆介叔山痉什雹契满爱赂(洗涤作用)(洗涤作用)(3)Chemicalforce–polarsoilsproteins,fats,oxidesetcHydrogenbondandelectrovalentbond(4)VanDerWaalsforce–interactionsbetweenpolar&polarorpolar&non-polarornon-polar&non-polarTwocleaningprocess:removalofthesoilfromthesubstratessuspensionofthesoilinthebathandpreventionofitsredeposition(再沉淀),orchemicalreagents(