文档介绍：中国劳动力市场户籍分割与企业在职培训的作用
李湘萍
摘要:本文运用2004年中国9省(市)企业员工培训和继续学习调查数据,验证中国劳动力市场存在户籍分割,并分析企业在职培训对处于不同层次劳动力市场的员工收入增长、职业发展的影响。得出以下结论:
(1)中国存在由户籍制度造成的劳动力市场分割特征,农民工主要处于次要劳动力市场。(2)户籍对于员工参与企业在职培训以及培训的收益率都有显著影响;在其他条件相同情况下,城镇户籍员工比农民工的在职培训参与率和收益率都显著更高。(3)在职培训对于提高农民工收入具有显著的正的影响。(4)此前培训(进入本单位前接受的培训)对于农民工进入主要劳动力市场具有显著作用。
关键词:劳动力市场分割;户籍制度;在职培训;收益率
China’s Labor Market Segmentation of Household Registration System
and On-The-Job Training in Private Sector
LI Xiang-Ping
(Graduate School of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)
Abstract: Based on China’s 9 Urban Workers’ Training and Learning Survey data in 2004, this paper has tested China’s labor market segmentation of Household Registration System and analysed the effects of on-the-job training(OJT)on workers’ earnings growth and job development in different labor markets. The main findings in this article are: First, China has witnessed labor market segmentation because of Household Registration System; Migrant rural workers are mainly in secondary sectors. Second, Household Registration System has remarkable effects on workers’ OJT participation and the rate of return.;When other variances controlled,urban workers have remarkable higher participation and the rate of return than migrant rural , OJT has remarkable positive effects on migrant rural workers’ earnings growth .Forth, Migrant rural workers’ previous training also has remarkable positive effects on whether they can work in primary sectors or not.
Key words:Labor Market Segmentation; Household Registration System;On-The-Job Training; Rate of Return
一、研究问题
1、研究问题的提出
(1)户籍分割是中国劳动力市场分割的重要表现。
当前中国劳动力市场还存在诸如城乡、地区、行业等不同形式和程度的分割(许经勇等,2000),统一的竞争性的劳动力市场尚未建立。劳动力的自由流动受到一些制度性因素如户籍制度的阻隔,在城镇劳动力市场中,劳动大军由于户籍的不同而从事不同的行业、职业,进而获得不同的工资收入和职业发展机会。自20世纪90年代以来,户籍身份制度有所放松,大量的农村剩余劳动力涌入城镇从事二、三产业的一线生产和服务工作,成为城市工人,但却没有改变其农民身份,因此被称为“农民工”,他们的社会经济地位并没有随着转移进城而有根本的改变:农民工大多在城镇的非正规部门就业,在工作中常常遭遇户籍身份带来的歧视,如同工不同酬(包括工资收入的低下和各种社会保障的缺乏)、限制农民工进入某些行业和职业的各种歧视性规定等造成农民工在劳动力市场上相对弱势