文档介绍：华中科技大学
硕士学位论文
远程数据采集系统的设计与实现
姓名:吴雪峰
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:计算机系统结构
指导教师:谢长生
20070604
摘要
在进行数据采集时,由于许多被测对象距离较远或现场危险,只能在远距离的
地方进行测量,然后传输出去,这便产生了远程数据采集系统。远程数据采集系统
有着自身的特点:首先,为了精确和全方位获取环境信息,系统一般要提供多个采
集通道进行高速采样;其次,为方便用户随时了解系统的运行状况,系统在高速采
样的同时,必须能以异步接收和处理控制站的命令、传输用户所需数据;另外,远
程数据采集系统一般仅靠电池供电,于是低功耗成为衡量系统性能的重要指标。
从实时性、远程可控性、低功耗的目标出发,提出由FPGA(现场可编程门陈列)
作为数据采集控制部分、由嵌入式微处理器系统和单片机作为数据存储和传输部分
的数据采集系统。外部信号通过前置放大、滤波后,在FPGA的控制下进行高速数模
转换和缓存;采集到的数据由嵌入式微处理器系统进行读取、处理和存储;数据通
过RJ-45网络接口或无线数传模块传输至远程上位机。
单片机在系统中有三个作用:一是提供用户操作输入接口及系统状态指示灯等
信息;二是当嵌入式微处理器系统在高速采集和存储时,可以异步的接收来自控制
站的无线命令,并对命令进行分析和处理;三是对嵌入式微处理器系统进行电源控
制,在不需要采样时可以将嵌入式板的电源断开。
与通常的仅仅采用单片机或嵌入式微处理器系统的采集系统相比,同时采用两
者可以将用户接口和采集任务分开,使采集系统在保证吞吐率和实时性的同时能处
理用户输入或来自控制站的无线传输命令。另外,单片机对嵌入式微处理器系统的
电源控制功能可以达到降低系统功耗的目的。

关键字:数据采集,嵌入式系统,无线数据传输
I
Abstract
Since many objects being observed are out of our territories or they are in dangerous
places, it is wise to sample data of them in where they are, and then send the data back to
where we are, called long-distance data acquisition system, which has some unique
characteristics as follows. First, in order to know the objects or environment of the
sampling place more exactly, more sample channels are required. Second, these devices
must be able to receive orders and send back information that the supervisor needs. Third,
the power supply of these systems are usually batteries, thus low power consumption
es an important devising guideline of these systems.
Aiming to get the quality of real time, long-distance controllability, and low power
consumption, a data acquisition system is proposed pose of the following
elements, a FPGA-based sampling board, an embedded CPU, a single chip and a wireless
data transferring module. Exterior signals are first amplified, filtered, and then
transformed from analog signals to digital signals under the control of FPGA board. The
digital data is then buffer by the FPGA board. Digital data is then fetched by emb