文档介绍：:..First-lineManagers・Individualswhomanagetheworkofnon-managerialemployees・MiddleManagers-Individualswhomanagetheworkoffirst-1inemanagers・-widedecisions&establishingplans&anization-plishsomespecificpurpose(plishalone).Effectiveness"Doingtherightthings"anizationalgoalsEfficiency"Doingthingsright"GettingthemostoutputfortheleastinputsInterpersonalrolesFigurehead,leader,liaisonInformationalroles Monitor,disseminatorspokespersonDecisionalroles Entrepreneucdisturbaneehandler,resourceallocator,negotiatorTechnicalskills KnowledgeandproficiencyinaspecificfieldHumanskillsTheabilitytoworkwellwithotherpeopleConceptualskillsTheabilitytothink&anizationInnovationDoingthingsdifferently,exploringnewterritory,'sabilitytoachieveitsbusinessgoalsandincreaselong-termshareholdervaluebyintegratingeconomic,environmentai,"onebestway"forajobtobedone:anization(bureaucracy)Emphasizedrationality,predictability,impersonality,petenee,anizationalBehavior(OB)studyofactionsofpeopleatwork;System・(allsysteminputandoutputisinternal)OpensystemsDynamicallyinteracttotheirenvironmentsbytakingininputsandtransformingthemintooutputsthataredistributedintotheirenv