Pre-boot环境下IPv6安全架构设计与实现.pdf

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6 Edition
Low Level Measurements Handbook
Precision DC Current, Voltage, and Resistance Measurements
Low Level Measurements Handbook Level Low
Specifications are subject to change without notice.
All Keithley trademarks and trade names are the property of Keithley Instruments, Inc.
All other trademarks and trade names are the property of their panies.
A GREATER MEASURE OF CONFIDENCE
6
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Keithley Instruments, Inc. Edition
Corporate Headquarters • 28775 Aurora Road • Cleveland, Ohio 44139 • 440-248-0400 • Fax: [phone] • 1-888-KEITHLEY (534-8453) •
© Copyright 2004 Keithley Instruments, Inc. No. 1559
Printed in . 80440KSI
A GREATER MEASURE OF CONFIDENCE
aForewordNew 8/6/04 4:25 PM Page i
Low Level
Measurements
Handbook
Precision DC Current, Voltage,
and Resistance Measurements
SIXTH EDITION
A GREATER MEASURE OF CONFIDENCE
aForewordNew 8/6/04 4:25 PM Page ii
aForewordNew 8/6/04 4:25 PM Page iii
TABLE OF C ONTENTS
SECTION 1 Low Level DC Measuring Instruments
Introduction ..................................................................................1-3
Theoretical Measurement Limits..............................................1-3
Instrument Definitions................................................................1-5
The Electrometer..........................................................1-5
The DMM......................................................................1-7
The Nanovoltmeter ......................................................1-7
The Picoammeter..........................................................1-8
The Source-Measure Unit ............................................1-8
The SourceMeter® Instrument ....................................1-9
The Low Current Preamp ............................................1-9
The Micro-ohmmeter....................................................1-9
Understanding Instrumen