文档介绍：虚拟语气
第三章虚拟语气
虚拟语气(the subjunctive mood),又称假设语气,是谓语动词的一种形式,表示说话人叙述的内容与事实相反,在现实中并不存在,或实现的可能性很小。
一、动词的语气
语气用来区别讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。英语中的语气(mood)有三种,分别是陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
陈述语气一般用来叙述事实或就事实提出询问,主要用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
Where there is a will, there's a 。
Can you help me carry the box upstairs你能帮我把箱子搬到楼上吗?
How I missed the life in the countryside!我多么想念乡村的生活啊!
祈使语气表示说话人向对方提出请求或下达命令。
Come this way, please!请这边走。
Don't make any noise, will you别吵,行吗?
Do be careful when crossing the 。
虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
If I were a bird, I could fly in the ,我就能在空中飞行。
I wish it were spring all the year 。
May good luck be yours!祝你好运!
二、条件句中的虚拟语气
英语中条件从句有两类,一类是真实条件句,另一类是非真实条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生,是真实条件句;如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。
真实条件句表示的假设是可能发生或实现的,主句和从句的谓语动词都要用陈述语气。
If he doesn'e at 8, we won't wait for ,我们就不等他了。
If a flood happened in the past, there was usually a great loss of life and property. 过去发生洪水的话,常有很大的生命和财产损失。
We shall go there unless it rains ,我们将去那里。
I'll let you use my bike on condition that you keep it ,我就让你用我的自行车。
在含有非真实条件句的复合句中,主句和从句的谓语动词都要用虚拟语气,其构成有三种形式:
与现在事实相反 if条件句的谓语:were did
主句的谓:would (couldshouldmight) + do
与过去事实相反 if条件句的谓语:had done
主句的谓:would(couldshouldmight) + have done
与将来事实相反 if条件句的谓语:didwere
主句的谓:should do would (couldshouldmight) + do were to do
条件从句用动词的过去式(be动词用were),主句用should(第一人称)或would(全部人称)+动词原形。可用情态动词could, might代替should, would表示情态。
If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would go and see my ,我就去看望我的朋友。
If I were you, I should go and ,我就去试试。
If wishes were horses, beggars might ride.
如果幻想能成为马匹,叫花子都有了坐骑
would go if they treated me like a ,我就走。
条件从句用动词的过去完成时,主句用should(第一人称)或would(全部人称)+have done,也可用could, might代替should, would。
If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I woul