文档介绍：中国科学技术大学
硕士学位论文
节能型无线传感器网络路由协议的分析与设计
姓名:张伟华
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:控制理论与控制工程
指导教师:凌强
2011-05-09
摘要
节能是无线传感器网络领域内的一个非常重要的问题。传统的无线传感器网
络路由协议,没有充分地利用无线传感器所搜集到信息的冗余性;其在制定无线
传感器网络路由协议时,一般是依照节点为主体的思想,使得路由建立过程和数
据发送的过程相分离。本文研究发现,按照数据为主体进行数据的接收和发送,
就可以实现路径建立过程和数据发送过程的统一,能够大大减少路由发送过程中
的能量损失,从而提高网络的寿命、增加单位能耗的数据接收量。
本文详细分析了传统的典型无线传感器网络路由协议(包括定向扩散和
LEACH),并且通过搭建的仿真平台验证了分析的结论,得出了典型的无线传感
器网络路由协议在节能方面的不足之处,比如建立路径的过程比较复杂或者没有
有效的控制节点转发数据包的策略,其原因是:该类路由策略把路由建立和数据
发送过程分离。为解决这些问题,本文将 RSSI 技术引进到路由协议中,实现了
节点的转发权和决策权的分离。本文充分利用了无线传感器网络中信息的冗余
性,在路由协议中有效地融入了 RSSI 技术,从而形成了新的节能型路由协议。
并且,本文搭建了 NS2 仿真平台,对经典的节能型路由协议 LEACH 和新型
路由协议分别做了仿真,并且把它们从网络寿命、单位能耗的数据接收量等方面
进行了对比,发现在网络负载在 40%以下时,新型路由协议比经典的节能型路由
协议在网络寿命、单位能耗的数据接收量等方面都优越。
关键词:无线传感器网络平面路由协议分层路由协议节能网络寿命
I
Energy conservation is a very important issue in wireless work. There
is insufficient use the information which the node gathered in traditional routing
protocols for wireless work. Therefore, when these protocols were
developed, nodes are the main idea. The idea makes routing and data transmission
separated. Through research and analysis classical routing protocols for wireless
work, we found that when we develop a new protocol, if we can make the
data as a main idea, we can unify the routing process and data sending process. Then
many of the established process of routing are reduced. If this idea is realized,
reducing energy consuming and improving the life of wireless work will
come.
In this paper, classical WSN routing protocols are analyzed in detail. For instance,
directional diffussion protocol and LEACH protocol. By simulation, all conclusions
are verified and we can get disadvantages of classic WSN routing protocols in saving
energy also. For example, it is plicated for forming paths or there is no
effective strategy of controlling nodes for sending data. One reason is: Forming route
and sending data work separately. Further more, in this paper, the feasibility of