文档介绍：海南师范大学
硕士学位论文
清初隐士书法研究
姓名:桑秀娟
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:美术学
指导教师:刘胜角
2011-03
摘要
清初,是朝代更迭,少数民族替代汉族统治神州大地的关键时期。从明朝遗留下来
的忠君爱国知识分子,很重视士气和名节,他们或怀着孤臣孽子之心,勇敢的奋起抗争,
反抗失败后则遗世清高隐居山林;或不与清统治者合作,怀揣着悲凉孤傲的心情,在文
化活动中寻找自己的精神家园,形成了不同于历朝的隐士文化特征。本来,隐士们选择
逃禅、归隐的生活方式, 虽然达到了远离尘世和不仕新朝的目的,但并不能化解其家国
之恨、民族之悲;畅游山水也未能完全排除心头里时常涌起的苦闷。于是,很多人寄情
书画,在艺术创作中寄托强烈的爱国情怀。清初的隐士书家们生逢乱世,面对激烈、动
荡不堪的社会变化,他们形影独吊,于愤世中张扬个性,在怀古里展示节操,以隐世或
遁世的态度来抚慰精神的痛苦煎熬。“书为心画”,隐士书家的书法,充分表达了其内心
的真情实感,反映了他们在朝代更迭之际复杂的心理状态和人生处世哲学。
受隐士文化的影响,清初隐士书家的书法取得了突出的成就。清初隐士书法,大体
可以分为三个类型:一、以传承古代书法“大统”为目的的书法风尚;二、“尚狂尚丑”,
延续晚明个性解放的书风;三、重振“篆隶雄风”。就其在书法史上的地位影响而言,
后两种风格样式具有开拓进取的精神,历史价值较大。由于清初处于新的国家鼎革之际,
隐士书法的变革,有着诸多不同的环境与条件,因而形成各自独特的艺术风格。作为清
初隐士书法的典型,如下三个书家很有代表性:1、“隐”而不隐的傅山;2、“隐”中之
隐的八大山人;3、不隐而“隐”的王铎。
关键词:清初, 隐士书法, 傅山, 八大山人, 王铎

I
Abstract
Early Qing Dynasty, is the change of dynasties, the Han ethnic alternative to the vast
land of the critical period of rule. Left over from the Ming Dynasty loyalist patriotic
intellectuals, attaches great importance to the morale and the name of Day, With Guchenniezi
them or the heart, the brave stand in defiance, resistance after the failure of the lofty seclusion
undisturbed forest; or not to cooperate with the Qing rulers , carries the sad arrogant mood, in
cultural activities to find their spiritual home, forming a cultural identity different from the
dynasty of the hermit. Originally, the hermit chose Zen, hermit's life, although far from the
earth, and Bushi to the purpose of the new dynasty, but it does not resolve its home country
and hate, sad nation; swim landscape has pletely ruled out in my mind from time to
time filled the depression. So many people have always focussed on painting and calligraphy,
artistic creation sustenance strong patriotic feelings. Early in the hermit calligrapher born into
troubled times are the face of intense turmoil bear the social changes, they are overwhelmed
by hanging alone, in the cynical of individu