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Second Edition
A First Course
in Structural
Equation Modeling
TENKO RAYKOV • E A. MARCOULIDES
A First Course
in
Structural Equation Modeling
Second Edition
A First Course
in
Structural Equation Modeling
Second Edition
Tenko Raykov
Michigan State University
and
e A. Marcoulides
California State University, Fullerton
LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOCIATES, PUBLISHERS
2006 Mahwah, New Jersey London
Copyright © 2006 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any
form, by photostat, microform, retrieval system, or any other means,
without prior written permission of the publisher.
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers
10 Industrial Avenue
Mahwah, New Jersey 07430
Cover design by Kathryn Houghtaling Lacey
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Raykov, Tenko.
A first course in structural equation modeling—2nd ed. / Tenko
Raykov and e A. Marcoulides.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8058-5587-4 (cloth : alk. paper)
ISBN 0-8058-5588-2 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Multivariate analysis. 2. Social sciences—Statistical methods.
I. Marcoulides, e A. II. Title.
2006
—dc22 2005000000
CIP
Books published by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates are printed on acid-
free paper, and their bindings are chosen for strength and durability.
Printed in the United States of America
**********
Contents
Preface vii
1 Fundamentals of Structural Equation Modeling 1
What Is Structural Equation Modeling? 1
Path Diagrams 8
Rules for Determining Model Parameters 17
Parameter Estimation 22
Parameter and Model Identification 34
Model-Testing and -Fit Evaluation 38
Appendix to Chapter 1 52
2 Getting to Know the EQS, LISREL, and Mplus Programs 55
Structure of Input Files for SEM Programs 55
Introduction to the EQS Notation and Syntax 57
Introduction to the LISREL Notation and Syntax 64
Introduction to the