文档介绍：Linguistics'*munication.?Languageisasystem.?Languageisarbitrary.?Languageisvocal.?Languageishuman-?Arbitrariness任意性?Productivity多产性?Duality双重性?Displacement移位性?(Halliday)?anizelanguageuser'sexperienceoftheword.?Theinterpersonal人际功能toestablish/maintainsocialrelationship.?*Linguisticsstudiesnotanyparticularlanguage,butitstudieslanguagesingeneral.----?ics语音学--thestudyofhowspeechsoundsareproducedandclassified@研究发音,自然属性,无序的语音?Phonology音系学--thestudyofhowsoundsformsystemsandfunctionstoconveymeaning@研究音间联系,注重功能,有序的语音?Morphology形态学、词法--thestudyoftheformoffwords@涉及词语的内部组织,研究词语的最小单位-语素?Syntax句法学--binedtoformsentences@研究如何组词成句,形成、理解正确的句子?Semantics语义学--thestudyofmeaning(inabstraction)@研究词语的意义如何在语音中编码?Pragmatics语用学--thestudyofmeaningincontextofuse@特定情景中的特定话语的理解和运用?Historicallinguistics历史语言学--thestudyoflanguagechange.?Sociolinguistics社会语言学--thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetosociety?Psycholinguistics心理语言学--thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetotheworkingofthemind.?Appliedlinguistics应用语言学--thestudyofapplyinglinguisticfindingstothesolutionofpracticalproblems.@广义-实践,狭义-)--toaimstolaydownrulesfor"correctandstandard"verbalbehaviour.@做规定Descriptive描写式--todescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse.@)--thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointoftimeinhistory.@语言在特定时间点上的研究Diachronic历时--thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtime.@),writtenlanguageassecondary.?Linguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting;?theamountofinformation,speechismorethanwriting;?thelearnin