文档介绍：沈阳药科大学药物化学教研室
Adrenal Corticoids
Learning Objectives
Gain an understanding of:
1. Adrenocorticoids affect both carbohydrate metabolism (glucocorticoids)
and modulate water balance and Na+/K+ transport (mineralocorticoid)
2. The nature of the stress activated pathways that control adrenocorticoid
secretion
3. Structures of the major mineralo- and glucocorticoids
4. Biosynthesis of mineralo- and glucocorticoids
5. Anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids and the use of pharmacological
doses for treatment of inflammation
6 Structure-activity relationships for glucocorticoid activity
7. Development of synthetic glucocorticoids with reduced mineralocorticoid
activity
8. Toxicity of adrenal corticoids
ADRENAL CORTICOIDS
1563 Existence of adrenal gland discovered by Eustachio
1849 Addison attributed “bronzed skin” disease to malfunctioning Adrenal glands
1856 Brown-Sequard removed adrenals of cats and dogs who promptly died proving properly functioning adrenals essential for survival
1894 Adrenal divided into medulla secreting adrenaline and the cortex.
1938 Reichstein isolates 29 new substances from adrenal cortex all are steroids
1948 Kendall isolates pure cortisone
1950 Kendall, Reichstein and Hench awarded Nobel prize for medicine
ANS OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
pineal
hypothalmus
pituitary
parathyroid
thyroid
thymus
stomach
adrenal
kidney
pancreas
ovary
uterus
testes
duodenum
Steroid hormones are synthesised
primarily in
Adrenal Cortex - Adrenocorticoids
Ovaries , testes - Sex steroids
Steroid secretion is generally
controlled by peptides secreted
from the:
Hypothalmus and pituitary
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ADRENOCORTICOIDS
Modulation of carbohydrate metabolism - Glucocorticoids
increases levels of glycogen in the liver and circulating glucose
early effects stimulate immune system
prolonged secretion leads to immune suppression and cell death
basal rhythmic secretion increased during periods of stress
Modulation of water bala