文档介绍：. Fluid Mech. 1981. 13:273-328
Copyright© 1981 Annual by Reviews rights reserved
CAVITATIONIN FLUID +8178
MACHINERYAND HYDRAULIC
STRUCTURES
RogerE. A. Arndt
FallsHydraulic Laboratory, Universityof Minnesota, Minneapolis,
Minnesota5545 5
INTRODUCTION
Cavitationisa design consideration fora broad variety ofdevices
handlingliquids. Cavitation canaffect performance, forexample through
increaseddrag of hydronautical vehicles, limitations on the thrust
producedbyvarious propulsion systems ,decreased power output and
efficiencyofturbines, anda drop in head and efficiency produced by
accuracy offlow meters can be affectedby cavitation.
Noiseand vibration occurin many applications, rangingfrom all forms
ofturbomachinery tolarge valves inindustrial with
thedeleterious effectsof performance breakdown, noise, andvibration ,
thereisthe possibility oferosion. Erosion can range in extent from a
relativelyminoramount of pitting after many years of operation to
disastrousfailureof large and expensive structu resin a relativelyshort
by UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA - Smathers Library on 12/17/09. For personal use only.
Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. :273-326. Downloaded from arjournals. periodof time. An extremeexample isshown in Figure 1,which
illustratesthedamage sustained inthe spillway tunnel ofthe Yellowtail
Dam inSout h CentralMontana. Numerous descriptions ofcavitation
damageare available inthe literature ( etal 1947). Cavita­
tioncan also sometimes bea useful byproduct offluid flow, for example
inhomogenization ofmilk and industrial cleaning. A mon
applicationisthe use of ultrasonic cavitation forthe cleaning offalse
teeth.
Thereisa vast quantity ofcavitation literature ontopics ranging from
basicmechanisms topractical application. Severalexcellent reviews
alreadyexist (Eisenberg 1961,Acosta 1974, Acosta & Parkin1975).
Therei