文档介绍：中央美术学院
硕士学位论文
示能性观点下的产品潜在功能概念初探
姓名:韦多
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:设计艺术学
指导教师:张所家
2011-04
摘要
本文将产品设计构想与使用者实际操作之间出现断层的现象作为源起,进行
总结和反思,提出应当在设计时结合环境的角度去考虑产品与使用者关系,应当
关注到产品使用过程中的多种可能性。同时,从生态心理学中的示能性1观点及
其理论扩展上获得理论依据,从而提出产品“潜在功能”的概念。示能性是由生
态心理学家吉布森提出用来反映环境给人提供行为的可能性,强调人们对环境的
感知是直觉性的,不同于传统认知心理学所认为的要经过大脑对信息的处理。这
个概念的提出对于缩短设计师和使用者的认知差异很有帮助,所以目前在工业设
计和交互设计领域都得到了一定的应用。最后,文中进行了把产品“潜在功能”
作为示能性概念在产品应用层面上的尝试,包括对实际案例的分析总结和个人对
“潜在功能”作为出发点的设计思路探讨,希望能从设计者角度出发给予设计上
的一些启发。

关键词:潜在功能示能性环境生态学行为

1 Affordance(示能性)是生态心理学家詹姆士•吉布森的自创词,是将英文中意味“给予、提供”的动
词 afford 进行名词化,用来意指环境提供给动物行为的可能性。在不同学科的中文相关研究资料中,由于
翻译不同具有“供给”、“负担性”、“预设用途”、“启示性”等多种中文翻译,本文中为统一起见,采用台
湾漫游者出版社于 2008 年出版的《不为设计的设计=最好的设计》一书中的翻译。
ABSTRACT
This article will derive from the breaking-up phenomenon between the concept
of product design and the practical operation of the user, on the basis of which to
some viewpoints are put forward that the designer should consider the relationship
between the user and the product as well as the various possibilities of the product in
the course of using. Meanwhile the Affordance of ecological psychology and its
extending theory will provide the theoretical support to give the concept "potential
function".
Affordance, proposed by the ecological psychologist Gibson to show the
possibilities of the environment offering the actions to human, emphasizes the
perception of human towards the environment is intuitive, with the difference from
traditional cognitive psychology of the processing of information through the brain.
The concept is largely helpful to shorten the difference of cognitive between designers
and users, therefore it currently abstains in the field of industrial design and
interaction design a certain application. Finally, this paper attempts to see the product
"potential function" as Affordance concept shown in the product application layer,
which includes summarizing and analyzing the actual cases and my