文档介绍：止血和凝血功能在正常生理条件下,血液呈稳定的流体状态循环于血管内,既不会自行溢出至血管外(出血),又不会凝固在血管内(血栓),这一基本功能取决于机体的凝血与抗凝血机制的动态平衡。PreviewPreview?A well regulated process? Maintains blood in a fluid, clot free state in normal vessels ? Induces the rapid formation of a localized hemostatic plug at the site of vascular injuryNormal HemostasisNormal Hemostasis正常凝血过程凝血机制凝血机制是一系列酶反应,分三个阶段是一系列酶反应,分三个阶段①①凝血活酶复合物形成阶段凝血活酶复合物形成阶段内源性凝血途径内源性凝血途径共同途径共同途径外源性凝血途径 外源性凝血途径 ②②凝血酶形成阶段 凝血酶形成阶段 ③③纤维蛋白形成阶段纤维蛋白形成阶段??IntrinsicIntrinsic––Surface Surface contactcontact??ExtrinsicExtrinsic––Tissue Tissue injuryinjuryTwo pathways of Two pathways of coagulation cascade coagulation cascade?Blood vessels(Structure and Function)?Platelet(Quality and Quantity)?Coagulation factors(Quality and Quantity)?Anti-coagulation substances(Quality and Quantity)The Main Players in HemostasisThe Main Players in Hemostasis在正常情况下,凝血与抗凝血机制相互矛盾、相互制约、保持动态平衡,一旦二者间的平衡被打破,则导致止、凝血功能障碍,引起出血性疾病/血栓性疾病的发生,例如:ITP、血友病、心肌梗塞、脑梗塞等。凝血抗凝血1. 出血性疾病的诊断与鉴别诊断、疗效观察;2. 术前检查:防止术中/术后大出血/出血不止;3. 溶栓/抗凝治疗安全用药的监护;适应范围适应范围Laboratory TestsLaboratory TestsLaboratory Tests一. 血管壁与血小板的检查