文档介绍：健康快乐每一天!临床诊断学上海第二医科大学仁济临床医学院Nausea and VomitingAs the symptoms症状学:恶心与呕吐Goals?Briefly define?Outline the prominent disease states associated with nausea and vomiting.?Characterize Nausea and Vomiting caused by the prominent disorders ?Discriminate the panying symptoms.?Suggest diagnostic strategies of the of Nausea and Vomiting?Nausea :the inclination or feeling of imminent desire to vomit, usually felt in the throat or epi-gastrum. Associated with decreased activity of the stomach.?Vomiting: the forceful oral expulsion of gastric contents via retro-peristalsis.?Nausea-Vomiting: simultaneity or separateness恶心:紧迫欲吐,通常伴有上腹不适和迷走兴奋的临床征候群。呕吐:胃和/或小肠内容物经食管和口腔排除体外恶心和呕吐常伴随存在,也可单独出现!Nausea and Vomiting1、恶心:咽部及上腹部不适,胃张力和蠕动减弱,幽门和贲门开放。2、干呕:胃窦部和腹壁肌肉收缩,腹压增加,食管及咽部开放。3、呕吐:胃和/或小肠内容物经食管和口腔排除体外。Definition of emesis. (Three phases)呕吐反射过程(三个阶段)1. Nausea - the inclination or feeling of imminent desire to vomit, usually felt in the throat or epigastrum. Associated with decreased activity of the . Retching - the labored rhythmic contraction of respiratory and abdominal musculature that frequently precedes or panies . Vomiting - the forceful oral expulsion of gastric contents via retroperistalsis. (Abdominal effects).迷走兴奋表现恶心干呕呕吐发生机制呕吐区别于反食呕吐:多数情况有恶心的感觉和呕吐反射的协调动作。反食:无恶心的感觉和呕吐反射的协调动作。(儿童、饱餐)Mechanisms of emesis