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Beyond the Social Contract:
Toward Global Justice
MARTHA C. NUSSBAUM
THE TANNER LECTURES ON HUMAN VALUES
Delivered at
Australian National University, Canberra
November 12 and 13, 2002
and at
Clare Hall, University of Cambridge
March 5 and 6, 2003
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MARTHA NUSSBAUM is Ernst Freund Distinguished Service Professor of
Law and Ethics at the University of Chicago. She was educated at New
York University and received a . from Harvard. She has taught at
Oxford, Brown, and Harvard, and was a research advisor at the World
Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, a part of the
United Nations University. She is a fellow of the American Philosophi-
cal Society and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She has re-
ceived the NYU Distinguished Alumni Award, the Barnard College
Medal of Distinction, and she is an academician in the Academy of Fin-
land. Among her many publications are The Fragility of Goodness: Luck
and Ethics in Greek Tragedy and Philosophy (1986, updated edition 2000);
Love’s Knowledge (1990), which received the 1991 PEN Spielvogel-
Diamondstein Award for the best collection of essays); Cultivating
Humanity: A Classical Defense of Reform in Liberal Education (1997), which
won the Ness Book Award of the Association of American Colleges and
Universities and the Grawemeyer Award in Education; Sex and Social
Justice (1998), which won the book award of the North American Soci-
ety for Social Philosophy; and Upheavals of Thought: The Intelligence of
Emotions (2001).
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These three lectures are extracts from a manuscript in progress. I pre-
sented three lectures in both Canberra and Cambridge, England, but in
both cases a much longer manuscript, available on a website, was the
basis for discussion. The three manuscripts published here are an uneasy
compromise between the