文档介绍：:ies/,CA91109-.******@,NY14853-7501,USAIthaca,NY14853-7501,USAISSN1868-0941e-ISSN1868-095XISBN978-1-84628-886-9e-ISBN978-1-84628-887--1-84628-887-6SpringerLondonDordrechtHeidelbergNewYorkBritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataAcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibraryLibraryofCongressControlNumber:20109361911stedition:©Springer-VerlagNewYork,:©Springer-VerlagLondonLimited2011©Springer-VerlagLondonLimited2011Apartfromanyfairdealingforthepurposesofresearchorprivatestudy,orcriticismorreview,asper-mittedundertheCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,thispublicationmayonlybereproduced,storedortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withthepriorpermissioninwritingofthepublish-ers,,trademarks,etc.,inthispublicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,,expressorimplied,:SPI,Puducherry,IndiaPrintedonacid-freepaperSpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(ywifeandchildrenPrefaceInthedecadesincethepublicationofthefirsteditionof“puting”thefieldhasblossomedintoarichanddiversebodyofknowledge,puterhard-’positeintegersandGrover’-putingthisstandardpresentationhasbeenreinforced,therebyoverlookinglesswellknown,butarguablymoreinteresting,,puterscience,mathematics,chemistry,simu-lation,