文档介绍：THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
CONSPIRACIES
AND CONSPIRACY
THEORIES
Michael Newton
For Harold Weisberg
The Encyclopedia of Conspiracies and Conspiracy Theories
Copyright © 2006 by Michael Newton
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without
permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact:
Facts On File, Inc.
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New York NY 10001
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Newton, Michael, 1951–
The encyclopedia of conspiracies and conspiracy theories / by Michael Newton.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0–8160–5540–8 (hc: alk. paper)
1. Conspiracies—Encyclopedias. I. Title.
2004
’03—dc222004004284
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Text design by Erika K. Arroyo
Cover design by Nora Wertz
Printed in the United States of America
VB FOF 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Contents
Preface iv
Entries A–Z 1
Bibliography 398
Index 404
Preface
Black’s Law Dictionary defines a conspiracy as “a The fact that thousands of conspiracies exist
combination or confederacy between two or more and have been amply documented does not mean, of
persons formed for the purpose mitting, by course, that every theoretical conspiracy is true.
their joint efforts, some unlawful or criminal act.” Some are absurd, transparently ridiculous, or even
That is it, in a nutshell—and the marvel of modern physically impossible. A number of the plots detailed
journalism is that virtually any suggesti