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Modularity in Knowledge Representation and Natural-Language
Understanding.
Jay L. Garfield, editor.
© 1991 The MIT Press.
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15
Theories of Sentence Processing
Lyn Frazier
Current psycholinguistic theoriesof sentenceprocessing vary along several
dimensions. In terms of the architecture of the system, proposals range
from those entailing a highly articulated and structured system subsuming
several subsystems( eachwith its own peculiar properties and information
sources) to monolithic, fully interactive systemsclaiming efficient and un-
differentiated use of all grammatical and nongrammatical information
sources. Most models implicitly or explicitly assumethat there are process-
ing principles involving pragmatic notions concerning munica-
tive function of natural -language expressions. In less differentiated or less
modular systems, such principles ?;overn virtually all aspectsof language
processing; in systemswith a more highly articulated structure, such prin-
ciples are implicitly assumedbut are thought to operate only in relatively
late stages of language processing. Thus, earlier stages of processingare
governed by nonpragmatic principles (perhaps structure-based) or by
frequency-basedstrategies . What principles are incorporated into a model
dependsin part on the mode of operation of the processor, ., whether it
simultaneously considers all possible analyses of an input in parallel or
whether it has some principle or selection procedure that results in initial
considerationof only a single analysisof the input.
In at least one area of psycholinguistic investigation there seemsto be
something like a consensus emerging - namely , with respect to the lex-