文档介绍：Chapter 1
System Verification
Our reliance on the functioning of ICT systems (Information munication Tech-
nology) is growing rapidly. These systems are ing more and plex and are
massively encroaching on daily life via the and all kinds of embedded systems
such as smart cards, hand-puters, mobile phones, and high-end television sets.
In 1995 it was estimated that we are confronted with about 25 ICT devices on a daily
basis. Services like electronic banking and teleshopping have e reality. The daily
cash flow via the is about 1012 million US dollars. Roughly 20% of the product
development costs of modern transportation devices such as cars, high-speed trains, and
airplanes is devoted to information processing systems. ICT systems are universal and om-
nipresent. They control the stock exchange market, form the heart of telephone switches,
are crucial to technology, and are vital for several kinds of medical systems. Our
reliance on embedded systems makes their reliable operation of large social importance.
Besides offering a good performance in terms like response times and processing capacity,
the absence of annoying errors is one of the major quality indications.
It is all about money. We are annoyed when our mobile phone malfunctions, or when
our video recorder reacts unexpectedly and wrongly to our mands. These
software and hardware errors do not threaten our lives, but may have substantial financial
consequences for the manufacturer. Correct ICT systems are essential for the survival of
pany. Dramatic examples are known. The bug in Intel’s Pentium II floating-point
division unit in the early ies caused a loss of about 475 million US dollars to replace
faulty processors, and severely damaged Intel’s reputation as a reliable chip manufacturer.
The software error in a baggage handling system postponed the opening of Denver’s airport
for 9 months, at a loss of million US dollar per day. Twenty-four hours of failure of
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2 System Verificat