文档介绍：.,inallprobabilityHighlyintelligent,animalsexchangewithoneanotherinthecourseoftheirdailylives,theyfaceanigh-oninsurmountableproblem:translatingMessagesfrom‘dolphinese’presupposesthatthecontentandthepurportOftheutterancesofdolphinsisneithrerentirelybeneath,norutterlybeyond,,infact,-linguistictranslation(translationproper)isnotoriouslyProblematicandfraughtwithdifficulties,translatorsfromEnglishtoGerman,HungariantoFrench,RussiantoSwahili,ChinesetoGujerati,andSoon,atleastdonotfaceproblemsofsuchamagnitudeasdo‘translatorsFromdolphinese’.Thoughtranslationproperisacross-culturalpuzzle,andScepticismaboutfulltranslatabilitywithoutdistortionis,rightly,wide-Spreadamongthosewhotheoriseabouttranslation,municativeactsinanotherhumansociety,noMatterhowstrangeanduncannyitmaylookatfirstsightwhenviewedFromacrossaculturalboundary,,theyperformactsthatfallintotheRangeofwhatotherhunanbeings,eventhosefromvastlydifferentculturalBackgrounds,(andIstressthatitisapresumption)definesthelimitsofacautious‘universalism’or,moreprecisely,,‘universal’.SincetheearlyworkofAustin(1962),andsubsequentlyofSearle(1969,979),theideathatutterancesareformsof‘doing’,spearheadedBythenotionofperformativeutterances(Austin,1962),accordingtowhichAllutterancesaremeansofperformingintendedactionshastakensolidHoldinrecent‘pragmatic’approachestosemiotics(Parret,1983),linguistics(Levinson,1983;Brown&Levinson,1978)–ithasalsomadeitsinfluenceFeltinanthropology(Gumperz,1982)and,ofcourse,intheoryoftranslation(Hatim&Mason,1990).Theperformativeintentionbehind,andembeddedIn,everyutterance(infact,municative