文档介绍:gr-qc/9703026 9 Mar 1997
osbeslto otepolmo iei unu cosmology quantum in time of problem the to solution possible A
omlto fqatmgaiyo akpuo n mln u hr are type. there integral this but path of Smolin, theories recent and of the class Markopoulou is wide of theory a gravity a the quantum such at kind of in of this built formulation example In are An causality is state. and level. number system initial time fundamental finite the any cosmology quantum of from a of evolves states to formulation universe accessible evolve of the of to as space alternative state constructed The an given then states. propose any necessary essor We for only possible is amplitudes of universe. it the which the predict realized in in to be theories live cosmological cannot quantum that that of dis- beings formulation constructions quantum time on finite in that time” depends any argument of by theory the “problem any the because the through from pseudo-problem, then appears constructible a case the be be is may not this cosmology may If space procedure. Hilbert finite and space figuration
∗
eageta ncascladqatmtere fgaiytecon- the gravity of theories quantum and classical in that argue We
******@
39Hd akRa,SnaF,NwMxc,87501-8943 Mexico, New Fe, Santa Road, Park Hyde 1399
∗
etrfrGaiainlPyisadGeometry and Physics Gravitational for Center
tatKauffman Stuart
h enyvnaSaeUniversity State Pennsylvania The
nvriyPr,P,UA16802 USA PA, Park, University
eateto Physics of Department
†
at eInstitute Fe Santa
ac ,1997 5, March
ABSTRACT
1
†
n e Smolin Lee and
∗
1 Introduction
The problem of time in quantum cosmology is one of the key conceptual
problems faced by theoretical physics at the present time. Although it was
first raised during the 1950’s, it has resisted solution, despite many different
kinds of attempts[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. Here we would like to propose a new kind
of approach to the problem. Basically, we will argue that the problem is
not with time, but