文档介绍：罗尔斯正义原则及对我国收入分配体制改革的启示
河北大学硕士学位论文罗尔斯正义原则及对我国收入分配体制改革的启示姓名:刘丽丽申请学位级别:硕士专业:伦理学指导教师:吴书元;黄云明2011-06
摘要摘要分配正义是人类社会永恒的价值追求,寻求公正的分配原则,顾及最少受惠者的最大利益,实现自由、平等、博爱是每个国家不懈追求的社会理想。罗尔斯以亚里士多德的分配正义、康德的自由观和绝对命令以及洛克的“现代人自由观”为理论渊源,建立了自己的正义理论大厦。他对正义环境进行了一系列的逻辑假设,以契约论为基础,在原初状态和“无知之幕”的背景下,提出了两个正义原则。第一个是平等的自由原则,其在于保障公民的基本自由;第二个是差别原则,包括最少受惠者最大利益原则和机会的公平平等原则两个方面。差别原则要求财富和收入等方面的不平等分配应有利于最少受惠者的最大利益,社会制度若能保证这一点就是正义的,否则就是不正义的,主要适用于公民的收入和财富的分配。两个正义原则不是简单的罗列,而是按照词典式次序进行排列的,包括自由的优先原则及正义对效率和福利的优先原则。系统梳理和阐释罗尔斯正义原则的主要内容,有助于探讨我国在收入分配体制改革中提出新的思路。目前,我国收入分配体制改革在取得巨大进步和完善的同时,还面临诸多挑战,吸收和借鉴罗尔斯正义原则中的精华,能更加科学公正的推进我国在国民收入分配、个人收入分配和城乡区域收入分配等方面的体制改革。关键词罗尔斯正义原则收入分配体制启示 I
Abstract Abstract Distribution justice is the eternal pursuit of value for human society. Seeking fair distribution principles, concerning the best interests of the least-advantaged class, and realizing liberty, equality and fraternity are the social ideal of indefatigable pursuit for every nation. Basing his theory origin on Aristotle’s distribution justice, Kant’s view of freedom and categorical imperative as well as Locke’s “modern people’s viewpoint of liberty”, Rawls built his own edifice of justice theory. Making a set of logical assumptions about environmental justice and basing on contractual theory, Rawls put forward two distribution justice principles in the original position and under the background of “the veil of ignorance”. The first one is the principle of equal basic liberty, which aims to protect the citizen's fundamental freedom. The second one is the difference
principle, including two aspects: the maximum benefit of the least well off principle and the equal opportunity principle. Difference principle requires inequality of distribution,such as in wealth and e, should be advantageous to the least-advantaged class. If it can be guaranteed by social system, it is just, otherwise it is not just, mainly suitable for the citizens' e and the distribution of wealth. The two distribution justice principles are arranged l