文档介绍：蔡泉陈蒋狄李松王浩任 Translation 35. The historian Frederick J. Turner wrote in the 1890 ’s that the agrarian discontent that had been developing steadily in the United States since about 1870 had been precipitated by the closing of the internal frontier-- that is , the depletion of available new land needed for further expansion of the American farming system. ①历史学家 Frederik J. Turner 于19世纪 90年代论述道; ②美国自从 19 世纪 70 年代以来,农民的不满一直都稳定地存在; ③由于国内边远地区的封闭,加剧了农民的不满。历史学家 Frederik J. Turner 于19 世纪 90 年代论述道:美国自从 19 世纪 70 年代以来,农民的不满一直都稳定地存在,而由于国内边远地区的封闭,加剧了这种不满。 36. In the early 1950 ’s, historians who studied preindustrial Europe ( which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800 ) began , for the first time in large numbers , to investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent prised the political and social elite : the kings , generals , judges , nobles , bishops , and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books. ①在二十世纪五十年代早期,历史学家开始研究前工业化时代欧洲大多数人; ②我们可将其定界为大约从 1300 到1800 这时期的欧洲; ③而不是 2% 或3% 的欧洲人,这些人由政治家和社会精英组成, 包括国王、将军、法官、贵族、主教以及地方权贵,这些人在当时通常在历史著作中出现。在二十世纪五十年代早期,历史学家开始研究前工业化时代的欧洲(我们可将其定界为大约从 1300 到1800 这时期的欧洲)的大多数人,而不是由政治家和社会精英组成 2% 或3% 的欧洲人, 即国王、将军、法官、贵族、主教以及地方权贵,正是这些小部分人在当时通常在历史著作中出现。 such as Le Roy Ladurie have used the documents to extract case