文档介绍：中文摘要摘要纳米金属由于在催化、光电学、生物化学传感等领域的广泛应用而备受关注。尽管纳米粒子制备技术在尺寸、形状以及表面结构控制等领域在取得了突破性的进展,但定量表征的研究仍十分有限。无论从纳米安全问题还是从纳米技术的应用考虑,实现纳米粒子的量化表征都具有十分重要的意义。但由于量子尺寸效应通常会对粒径在10nm以下粒子的紫外可见吸收光谱产生影响,使得纳米粒子的定量表征存在一定难度。本论文基于Mie理论,结合量子尺寸校正,、吸收及散射光谱进行计算。提出了通过更具量化表征意义的单位体积消光因子Q矿?,研究纳米钯浓度的方法。计算结果表明,半径介于lnm-10nm的纳米钯的logQy一,一 log入双对数曲线谱几乎完全重合,表明在此区域的纳米钯的粒径变化对其G一鲥的影响很小。有关形状参数的计算表明,粒子形状对其紫外可见光谱特性的影响并不显著。分散介质的介电常数的实部和虚部会分别影响双对数谱的截距及斜率。考虑到在相同体系中介电常数占。的变化很小,因此利用log(A)一log(X)5叹对数曲线对纳米粒子进行量化表征成为可能。以Pd(NH3)2C12为前体,采用PVP(Mw=40 0000) 作为保护剂,分别以乙二醇和甲醇为还原剂,合成得到了半径介于lnm一5nm且分布较均匀的纳米钯,所对应的log(A).109(X)双对数谱表明,当钯前体浓度成比例关系时,合成得到的纳米钯浓度也呈现相应的比例关系,进而证实了利用紫外可见光谱数据进行纳米钯浓度的量化表征的可行性,并为实现其它纳米粒子的量化表征提供了重要参考。关键词:纳米钯;量子尺寸校正;量化表征;log(A)-log(入)双对数谱:浓度英文摘要 ABSTRACT Metal nanocrystals have been extensively studied formany years because oftheir applications incatalysis,optics,electronics,biological and chemical sensing and SO on. Much progress has been made insizeand shape—controlled synthesis ofnanocrystals. Probably because of thequantum sizeeffect,the literature work on measuring the concentration of nanocrystals are very littleespecially for thatsmaller than 0nm. However,the concentration of nanocrystals is acrucialparameter to explore the mechanism ofsizeand shape control,and their effect , the measurement of the concentration is also important for the application of nanocrystals. In thisthesis,the extinction,absorption andscattering spectra are calculated according toMie theory andquantum unitvolume extinction Qy-“l factorisproposed tostudy therelationship between theconcentration and the optical properties iSfound thattheinfluenceofsize,shape on theUv-Vis spectra islittleunder thesmdied conditionswhile theimaginary partand therealpart of ￡m can affecttheslope andintercept of logQy一。t—log)I,plots, the presence ofPVP,Pd nanoparticles(1nm<r<5nm)are obtained byusingmethanol orEG as reductant in aqueous Pd(NH3hCl2 logA—log 2