文档介绍：13
Charge Carrier bination in Bulk
anic Solar Cells
Gytis Juška and Kęstutis Arlauskas
Vilnius University
Lithuania
1. Introduction
Photovoltaic phenomenon was first observed by E. Becquerel (Becquerel) in 1839. He
observed the electric current-lit silver electrode, immersed in the electrolyte. In 1894, taking
advantage of the observed photoconductivity phenomenon in amorphous selenium the
semiconductor solar cell was developed.
The very first silicon p-n junction solar cell was made in 1954, energy conversion efficiency
of which was 6% and the energy price $200/W did not seem promising for wide application.
Later, the development of satellites needed to provide sustainable energy sources and the
cadmium sulfid, cadmium telluride, gallium arsenide and more efficient solar cells of other
materials were created.
The first solar cell breakthrough was something like of the 1970 year, feeling the lack of oil,
which oncreased interest in alternative energy sources. The basic raw materials, in addition
to crystalline silicon, a polycrystalline silicon, were also amorphous silicon and other,
suitable for thin solar cells, materials. Although, due to the high cost of these energy sources,
extracted energy was only a small part of total energy production, but the lending spread as
energy sources in various areas of small devices such as mobile phone, calculators,
meteorogical instruments, watches and so on. A solar powered cars and even solar powered
aircraft were constructed. Major Solar cells used for the purification of salt water, as well as
supply power to isolated objects: mountains, islands or jungle living population.
The second and much greater solar energy use breakthrough occurred in the first decade of
the twenty-first century. This is caused by the earth's climate warming due to the increasing
threat of thermal energy and the increasing CO2 in the atmosphere. Many governments in
many ways stimulated the