文档介绍：VI 摘要生态批评作为一种文学和文化批评理论,从深层生态学获得哲学基础,从社会生态学获得科学支撑。在文学研究实践中以人与自然关系为主题,为解决生态危机提出了一些见解。研读《暴风雨》,可以体悟到莎士比亚对人与自然关系的探索,更进一步地探析了人类在破坏生态平衡的同时,也打破了原有的社会的关系,人类精神追求也发生了改变,这些体现了作者对人与自然和谐相处的方式的思考。论文用生态批评的方法对莎士比亚《暴风雨》进行赏析。论文由引言、正文和结论三部分组成。引言部分包括:一、概述了文学批评对《暴风雨》的研究状况;二、介绍了生态批评的出现,涵盖其历史渊源以及其与深层生态学(Deep Ecology)的哲学关联;三、阐释了《暴风雨》与生态批评在理论与实践上的内在联系。正文第一章探析了岛上的生态危机,以普洛斯彼罗为代表的人类利用所谓的超自然力在岛上的一系列行为;在最后一节提出了解决生态问题的出路。第二章围绕不和谐的人际关系探讨了社会生态的因素。通过介绍普洛斯彼罗对当地居民凯列班的教育和惩罚,对精灵爱丽儿的管理,霸权统治的胜利,证实了殖民统治打破了原有的社会关系。第三章首先深层地探析了普洛斯彼罗利用米兰达的婚姻作为筹码,以这对恋人的爱情为契机表现出对真爱的向往;尽管这对恋人的婚姻不完美,但是它体现了普洛斯彼罗宽恕的心。最后一节分析了基督教与人文主义的矛盾统一,反映了莎士比亚在《暴风雨》中的精神追求。论文利用生态批评的方法阐释了三个领域----自然生态,社会生态,精神生态。论文得出结论:在《暴风雨》中,莎士比亚已经阐释了一个不争的事实,即人类并不具备任何所谓的超自然的力量,人类只是自然界中的一分子、一部分;天人合一是建立在相互尊重各自内在价值的实现为前提的。人类破坏生态平衡,打破原有的社会关系后,人类的精神世界也会付出了代价。关键词:生态批评生态危机社会生态精神生态深层生态学 IV Abstract Ecocriticism emerges in the field of literary criticism in the face of the environmental degradation and ecological crisis. As atend of literary and cultural criticism, Deep Ecology is based on eco-criticism, aims to eliminate anthropocentric ideas and is supported by the social ecology. In this way, experts seek to resolve the ecological crisis in the field of literary research in practice. The Tempest, customarily identified as one of the plays in Shakespeare’s last stage, exploresthe relationship between man and nature and further probes the destruction of the original social relationship when the ecological balance is broken. In The Tempest, Shakespeare tends to reflect the change that has been thought about the result of the upset balance and the human beings’ pursuit of harmonious relationship between man and man, between man and nature has been absent. The paper manages to analyze Shakespeare’s The Tempest by the approach of ecoriticism. The introduction includes three parts. Firstly, it presents a literature review on The Tempest. Secondly, it introduces the emergence of ecocritisim andtraces its historical developments and philosophical foundation in Deep Ecolo