文档介绍：湘潭大学
硕士学位论文
论洛克的自由思想
姓名:武掌华
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:法学理论
指导教师:程燎原
20060501
摘要
洛克是 17 世纪英国启蒙运动的杰出代表,是西方自由主义传统的开创者。
作为自由主义奠基人之一的洛克高唱“人生而自由”,并认为自由是一种自然
权利,是人类固有的一种禀赋或能力,是人之本性使然。洛克所吟唱的自由是法
治下的自由,与人之理性、道德、法律紧密相连的,它表达的是对人之个性、尊
严、人格和自由的尊重、保障与呵护。自由是如此重要,以至于洛克把它定义为
人类其余一切的基础和屏藩。为了实现个人自由,洛克批判和拒斥了专制状态与
无政府状态,并在对这两种状态的批驳中,把人从人间暴君那绝对的、专断的权
力中彻底地释放出来,从而确定人是自由的人,独立的人,平等的人;为了实现
个人自由,洛克通过社会契约、信托观念和人民同意原则使人们走出毫无共同权
威存在的无政府状态,进入政治社会,成立政府,并赋予其强大的政治权力以保
障人的自由。同样是为了实现个人自由,洛克通过设计由有限政府原则,法治理
论,分权学说与人民主权原则所构成的立宪政体,试图把任何伤害个人自由的绝
对主义、专制主义因素从人类社会中清除出去。
洛克的自由思想在人类政治法律思想发展史上以及西方自由主义传统中的理
论贡献巨大,历史影响深远。他对个人自由的强调,对个人权利的保障,对政府
权力的警惕以及立宪政体的建构,对当今中国进行现代化法制建设具有重要的借
鉴意义。

关键词:洛克;自由;权利;实现

I
Abstract

Locke was an outstanding representative of the 17 century British Enlightenment,
and also the initiator of the Western liberalism tradition.
As one of the founders of the liberalism, Locke taught glibly about "people are
born free", and he believed that freedom is a natural right, an inherent human talent or
ability, a result of human nature. The freedom that Locke chants is under the rule of law;
it is linked closely together with reason, ethics and the laws of human beings; what it
expresses is the respect and protect for the individuality, dignity, character and freedom
of human beings. Freedom is so important Locke defines it as the foundation and
protective screen of all the rest of mankind. To achieve individual freedom, Locke not
only criticized and rejected the authoritarian state and anarchy, but pletely
released people from the absolute and arbitrary power of the human tyrants. Thus he
determined that people are free, independent and equal. To achieve individual freedom,
Locke made people go out of the anarchy without the existence of mon
authority at all by social contract, trust concepts and the principle of people’s agreement.
And then he made them enter the political society, found the government which endows
them strong pol