文档介绍：CONCRETE
MATHEMATICS
Dedicated to Leonhard Euler (1707-l 783)
CONCRETE
MATHEMATICS
Ronald L. Graham
AT&T Bell Laboratories
Donald E. Knuth
Stanford University
Oren Patashnik
Stanford University
A
ADDISON-WESLEY PANY
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Graham, Ronald Lewis, 1935-
Concrete mathematics : a foundation puter science / Ron-
ald L. Graham, Donald E. Knuth, Oren Patashnik.
xiii,625 p. 24 cm.
Bibliography: p. 578
Includes index.
ISBN o-201-14236-8
1. Mathematics--1961- 2. Electronic data processing--Mathematics.
I. Knuth, Donald Ervin, 1938- . II. Patashnik, Oren, 1954- .
III. Title.
1988
510--dc19 88-3779
CIP
Sixth printing, with corrections, October 1990
Copyright @ 1989 by Addison-Wesley pany
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechani-
cal, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of
the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Published simultaneously
in Canada.
FGHIJK-HA-943210
Preface
“A odience, level, THIS BOOK IS BASED on a course of the same name that has been taught
and treatment - annually at Stanford University since 1970. About fifty students have taken it
a description of
such matters is each year-juniors and seniors, but mostly graduate students-and alumni
what prefaces are of these classes have begun to spawn similar courses elsewhere. Thus the time
supposed to be seems ripe to present the material to a wider audience (including sophomores).
about.” It was a dark and stormy decade when Concrete Mathematics was born.
- P. R. Halmos 11421
Long-held values were constantly being questioned during those turbulent
years; college campuses were