文档介绍：Hydrogen Storage Issues
for Automotive Fuel Cells
JoAnn Milliken, . Department of Energy
John Petrovic, Los Alamos National Laboratory
Walter Podolski, Argonne National Laboratory
International Workshop on Hydrogen in Materials and
Vacuum Systems
11-13 November 2002
Jefferson Lab
Newport News, Virginia
On-Board Hydrogen Storage
Challenge
Storing enough hydrogen on vehicles to achieve
greater than 300 miles driving range is difficult.
• On a weight basis H2 has nearly three times the
energy content of gasoline.
– 120 MJ/kg vs. 44 MJ/kg (LHV)
• On a volume basis the situation is reversed.
– 3 MJ/L (5000 psi), 8 MJ/L (LH2) vs. 32 MJ/L
• Physical storage of hydrogen is bulky.
• Capacity of reversible chemical storage at useful
T, P is low.
• Other challenging issues include energy
efficiency, cost, and safety.
2010 DOE Technical Targets for
On-Board Hydrogen Storage
TO BE REVISED
Units Target
Storage Weight Percent % 6
Energy Efficiency % 97
Energy Density W-h/L 1100
Specific Energy W-h/kg 2000
Cost $/kW-h 5
Operating Temperature o -40–50oC
Start-Up Time To Full Flow sec 15
Hydrogen Loss scc/hr/L
Cycle Life Cycles 500
Refueling Time min <5
Recoverable Usable Amount % 90
DOE Hydrogen Storage Approaches
• Compressed and liquid hydrogen tanks
• Chemical hydrides
• Carbon structures
• Complex metal hydrides
Compressed/Liquid Hydrogen
Storage
Compressed H2 Storage
Type IV posite tanks are
available at 5000 psi (350 bar);
prototype 10,000 psi pleted
EIHP-based certification tests.
Packaging volume is still a concern.
Liquid H2 Storage
• Liquifying H2 requires substantial
energy (40% of HHV)
• Boil-off is an issue for non-
pressurized insulated tanks
• Pressurized cryogenic tanks are
being developed by LLNL.
Hydrogen Storage Workshop
14-15 August 2002
Argonne National Laboratory
The focus of the workshop was on storage
materials, with careful