文档介绍：-==-
-==- V
Contents
Preface XII
List of Authors XVI
I Toxicity 1
1 Biotoxicity of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles 3
Amanda M. Fond and Gerald J. Meyer
Introduction 3
Nanoparticles in the Environment 5
How Nanoparticles are Introduced into Mammalian Systems 7
Health Threats 8
Nanomaterials and Biotoxicity 9
Iron Oxide 9
Titanium Dioxide 13
Dark Studies 14
UV Irradiation Studies 18
Other Metal Oxides 25
Conclusions 28
Acknowledgment 29
References 29
2 Ecotoxicity of Engineered Nanomaterials 35
Eva Oberdo¨rster, Patricia McClellan-Green, and Mary Haasch
Introduction 35
Water 38
Air 42
Soils 42
Weathering 43
Biomarkers 44
Conclusions 46
References 47
Nanotechnologies for the Life Sciences Vol. 5
Nanomaterials – Toxicity, Health and Environmental Issues. Edited by Challa S. S. R. Kumar
Copyright 8 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
ISBN: 3-527-31385-0
VI Contents -==-
II Health 51
3 Possible Health Impact of Nanomaterials 53
Peter H. M. Hoet, Irene Bru¨ske-Hohlfeld, and Oleg V. Salata
Introduction 53
Sources of Nanoparticles 53
Epidemiological Evidence 54
Entry Routes into the Human Body 56
Lung 57
Inhalation, Deposition and Pulmonary Clearing of Insoluble Solids 57
Biopersistence of Inhaled Solid Material 59
Systemic Translocation of Inhaled Particles 60
Intestinal Tract 61
Deposition and Translocation 61
Intestinal Translocation and Disease 62
Skin 62
Deposition and ration through the Skin 62
Irritation of Skin 64
What Makes Nanoparticles Dangerous? 64
Particle Size – Surface and Body Distribution 65
Effect of Size 65
Effect of Surface Charges 65
Nanoparticles, Thrombosis and Lung Inflammation 67
Prothrombotic Effect 67
Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and En