文档介绍：***基cyanogroup羧基carboxylgroup磺基sulphogroup烷基alkylgroup苯基phenylgroup卡基benzylgroup芳基arylgroup烯基allylgroup烷氧基alkoxylgroup酰基acylgroup活性亚******ketone半缩醛hemiacetaI半缩***hemiketal缩醛acetal缩***ketal西佛碱shiff'sbase肟oxime腙hydrozone缩氨脲semicarbazoneα,β-不饱和***α,β--unsaturatedketone醌quinone羧酸carboxylicacid酰卤acidhalide酸酐acidanhydride酯ester酰***amide內酯lactone内酰***lactam月青nitrile取代酸substitutedacid羟基酸hydroxyacid醇酸alcoholicacid酚酸phenolicacid***酸ketoacidB-***酸酯B-******糖ketosesD-核糖riboseD-2--upiedmolecularorbital诱导效应inductiveeffect共轭效应conjugatedeffectπ,π-共轭π,π-conjugationp,π-共轭p,π-conjugation超共轭作用hyperconjugation离域能delocalizationenergy共振能resonanceenergy给电子基团electrondonatinggroup吸电子基团electronwithdrawinggroup芳性aromaticity休克尔规律Huckel'srule***-transisomerism次序规则sequenceruIe同侧ZugammenZ异侧EntgegenE顺式cis反式trans对映异构enantiomerism=光学异构旋光异构opticalisomerism旋光性opticalactivity旋光度opticalrotation比旋光度specificrotation对称面planeofsymmetry对称中心centerofsymmetry对称轴axisofsymmetry手性chirality手性分子chiralmolecules对映异构体,对映体enantiomer非对映体diastereomer外消旋体raceme左旋体leveisomer右旋体dextroisomer内消旋体mesomer费歇尔投影式Fischerprojection相对构型relativeconfiguration绝对构型absoluteconfiguration