文档介绍：Mechanical and Hydraulic
Properties of Shales
OUTLINE
key factors for economic production
geomechanical characterization
hydraulical characterization
hydraulical-mechanical coupled processes
conclusions
Evolution of Stimulation Concepts
Three Concepts
Gel Proppant Fracturing
Water Fracturing
Hydrid Fracturing
multiplanar fracture growth in shale gas reservoir stimulation
activation of a perpendicular oriented natural fractures
importance for large underground footprint
Reduction of water usage and formation damage
rock brittleness influences fracture propagation
conventional reservoir
real fracture
with off-branches
shale gas
plex work
Fracture Growth in Conventional and Unconventional Reservoirs
Mineralogy
clay rocks are very heteroginous – an understanding of the variations is important for an pletion
best productivity in the t is archieved from zone with about 45% quartz and only 27% clay
Geomechanics
the „“brittlenes“ of the shale rock controls the fracability.
understanding creep in shales give insights to fracture healing and formation damage processes
Hydraulics
a sufficient porosity and permeability is esarry to guerantee economic production from shales
Key Factors for Economic Production from
Gas Shales
Geomechanical Characterisation
Brittle and Ductile Behaviour of Rocks
Grieser and Bray., 2007, SPE
brittle shale frac geometry
ductile shale frac geometry
Triaxial Testing: Influence of Temperature and Confinement
Rock testing at in-situ conditions is important
Young‘s Modulus
Triaxial Testing: Influence of Temperature and Confinement
high clay content
small calcite content
high porosity
high TOC
small clay content
high calcite content
low porosity
lower TOC
Dominant Processes Inducing Ductile Deformation
Dominant Mechanisms
grain sliding, grain crushing
rearrangement of pore space
Influence of
pore space
mineralogy
kerogen / fluid phase