文档介绍：I 摘要自 20 世纪 80 年代中后期之后,伴随着农村经济的发展和快速的工业化、城市化,劳动力不断从农业流出,家庭联产承包责任制这种土地分配方式给资源配置的有效性造成新的压力,“土地”瓶颈也逐步显现出来。农地的自由流转,有助于农地的边际产出在各农户间趋于一致,从而达到土地资源的优化配置。事实上,农村土地流转已经在我国发达省份进行了的大胆尝试并取得了较好的效果。对于欠发达地区,通过农村土地流转,可能是解决农村、农业、农民及农民工的一个重要突破口。而事实上,近几年来, 欠发达地区农村土地流转无论是在形式上,还是规模上,都在不断的加快发展, 并出现了一些以前甚至在发达地区都未出现过的新情况。因此,对这种新的实践问题进行理论研究,并着重在政策措施上进行研究,有其重要的现实意义和理论参考价值。 本文在借鉴制度变迁理论、土地产权理论、地租理论、规模经营理论和国内外农村土地流转的实践经验基础上,展开了对欠发达地区农村土地流转形成因素和形成机理的理论分析,并具体以武隆县的农村土地流转为案例,基于实地调研数据,分析其现状问题,剖析其深层次的原因,确立了武隆县农村土地流转的政策的目标及原则,提出了武隆县农村土地流转的政策建议。 文章的主要基本结论是:欠发达地区农村土地流转在形成因素有其特殊性, 影响其是否进行农村土地流转的宏观因素主要是政策与法律、公平与效率两个大的方面;农村土地流转行为的发生主要取决于农村土地流转的供求关系,影响土地流转供求的因素主要是土地对农民的重要程度、劳动力的比较价格、土地流转收益及土地规模经营的预期收益等;对欠发达地区农村土地流转的制约因素有欠发达地区经济发展水平落后、农业生产的比较效率低、社会化服务体系不健全、相关配套改革还跟不上等。这些形成因素、供求关系及制约因素共同形成欠发达地区农村土地流转的内部和外部机理。 推进武隆县农村土地流转的政策建议主要包括:完善法律法规,保持农民的土地权益,规范土地流转行为;适当放宽农村土地的用途范围,拓展土地流转经营主体范围;鼓励创新土地流转形式,完善农村土地流转退出和再流转机制,健全农村土地流转风险防范机制等。关键词: 土地流转,政策设计,农村土地,欠发达地区,武隆县 II Abstract Since the Mid and Late1980's, with th e development of rural economy, quick industrialization and urbani zation, the labour force has been flowing out of the agriculture constantly so that the family -contract responsibility system has been bringing about new pressure to the validity of res ources allocation and the land bottleneck is increasingly outstanding. Free ci rculation of agricultural land is helpful to the consistency of its marginal output am ong peasants, and the optimal allocation of land resources will be relized thereby. In fact, the attempt to rural land circulation has been carried out in some developed provinces of China and has got good results. To less developed areas, land circulatio n may be an important breach in solving the problems of countryside, agriculture, peasant and peasant workers. As the matte r of fact, rural land circulation has been developing quickly both in form and size over the past few years in less developed areas and new problems, which even have never appeared in developed areas, have a