文档介绍：本节内容?第一章总则( Part A – General ) –第一条适用范围( Application ) –第二条责任( Responsibility ) –第三条一般定义( General Definitions ) 避碰规则的双重性质?技术规范–海上航行规则–避碰行为指南–避碰经验(或碰撞事故教训)总结和良好船艺的精华?法律规范–比碰行为准则–判明碰撞责任的依据避碰规则的双重性质?非排他性或非唯一性–地方规则优先; –海员通常做法; –当时特殊情况避碰规则的双重性质?存在问题: –非最优–存在矛盾–存在漏洞–不严谨,存在歧义; –不便于判明碰撞责任; 避碰规则的双重性质?海上执行情况: –未得到法律支持; –对于违章行为无法追究责任。避碰规则的双重性质?《规则》的各条规定,是船舶避免碰撞共同遵守的一般原则措施规定。?不可避免的还存在着条文中没有规定危险情况, 或特殊情况下遵守规定尚不能避免的危险存在, 因此除规则的各条规定外,还必须对船舶应尽的责任作出认真的规定,以期《规则》更加全面而有效的杜绝一切可能避免的危险。?《规则》的第二条就是为此目的而制定的条款。责任?第二条责任( Rule 2 Responsibility Rule 2 Responsibility ) ) 、船长或船员由于遵守本规则条款的任何疏忽,或者按海员通常做法或当时特殊情况所要求的任何戒备上的疏忽而产生的各种后果的责任。责任(a) Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, master or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect ply with these Rules or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case. 责任 ,应充分考虑一切航行和碰撞的危险以及包括当事船舶条件限制在内的任何特殊情况,这些危险和特殊情况可能需要背离本规则条款以避免紧迫危险。责任(b) In construing plying with these Rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances, including the limitations of the vessels involved, which may make a departure from these Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger.