文档介绍：华中科技大学
硕士学位论文
配电网单相接地故障隔离方法的研究
姓名:陶守元
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:电气工程
指导教师:罗毅
2011-05-28
摘要
我国配电网一般采用中性点不接地或经消弧线圈接地的小电流接地系统接线方
式。配电网发生的故障大部分为单相接地故障,目前单相接地故障的处理方法主要是
在变电站内采用接地选线装置,故障发生时选出故障线路,跳开整条线路。这样将导
致切除非故障区域,供电恢复时间长,降低了供电可靠性,而且选线精度也不理想。
通过对比集中式控制方式和分布式控制方式发现,分布式故障隔离方法将保护功能下
放到 FTU,能够通过相邻开关节点的故障信息,直接跳开故障区域两端开关,实现故
障隔离。这种方法不影响非故障区域,故障处理迅速,而且对故障区域定位较准,能
够提高供电可靠性和改善供电质量。
本文通过详细分析配电网单相接地故障时的故障特征量,提出一种基于负序电流
和零序电压的分布式故障隔离方案。首先将配电网络拓扑图分为若干组,每组中各节
点确定各自的相邻节点号以及开关类型,当发生单相接地故障时,各节点 FTU 检测
到零序电压,保护启动,通过比较馈线上相邻 FTU 的负序电流幅值,运用分布式算
法确定故障区域,完成故障隔离。
本文对故障点前后的负序电流以及零序电压做了仿真分析,验证了以此做为判据
的理论依据。最后,对一个典型的配电网络,详细阐述了各节点发生单相接地故障时
如何运用分布式算法进行故障定位的完整过程

关键字:配电网,馈线自动化,单相接地故障,故障隔离,分布式算法

I
Abstract
Connection type of work in our country generally adopt neutral point
non-effectively grounded system or neutral point earthed via arc-suppression coil system.
Most faults in work are single-phase to earth faults. Nowadays,the
processing method of single-phase to earth fault is mainly using faulted feeder selection
device which will find faulty lines and tripping off the whole line when fault happens, this
leads to cutting non-fault region, reducing power supply reliability, extending recovery time
of power supply,and the selection accuracy of faulty line is not satisfactory. It is easy to find
that distributed fault isolation method gives protection function to FTU paring
centralized control method and distributed control method. It can eed to realize fault
isolation through tripping off the switch at the two end of fault line by using the fault
information between adjacent switch node. This method does not affect non-faulty region
and is rapid in fault processing, so it can realize precise fault location and improve
reliability and quality of power supply.
This paper puts forward a kind of distributed fault isolation scheme based on negative
sequence current and zero sequence voltage by analyzing the fault character