文档介绍：:(引发极端天气)水库水体***增加前期库底清理效果不佳,深层水具有甲烷和二氧化碳LeandroCastello,-scaledegradationofAmazonianfreshwaterecosystems[J]•GlobChangeBiol,2016,22(3):ingincreasinglydegradedduetohumandevelopmentactivities,includingtheconstructionofdams・大量开发建设水利工程导致了亚马逊淡水生态系统的退化。Multilateraldevelopmentinitiativeshaveinvestedheavilyintheconstructionofwaterways,hydroelectricdams,-scaledisruptionstothehydrologicalconnectivityofAmazonfreshwaterecosystemsviaavarietyofmechanisms,including:(i)storageofwaterinhydroelectricreservoirs;(ii)changesinseasonalflooddynamics;(iii)reducedrainfall,waterquality,andevapotranspirationatregionalscales;and(iv)increasesinthefrequencyandintensityofextremeweatherevents(,floods;)多边发展倡议在亚马逊河流域的水道、水电坝和其他基础设施建设方面投入巨资。其结果是对多种机制产生了大规模影响,包括亚马逊淡水生态系统的水文连通性:(1)水电站水库的蓄水;(2)季节性洪水的动态变化;(3)降雨量减少,水的质量,区域尺度的蒸散量;(4)极端天气事件发生的频率增加、强度增大(即,干旱、洪水;图3)Damconstructioncanintroducenewpollutantsintofreshwaterecosystems・Mercury,forexample,umulatedinreservoirs,disperseddownstream,andmagnifiedinfoodwebs・。例如,***,是在水库中产生或积聚的几种污染物之一,分散在下游,在食物网中放大。水库大坝缺氧条件下,******的自然含量增加,因为水库蓄水的分层现象,促进了***化所需的缺氧条件。Reservoirsoftenfloodlargeforestedareas,killingtreesthatproducelargequantitiesofmethane(CPU)astheydecay・Asaresult,tropicalreservoirscanhavehighco