文档介绍：Grammar Grammar 完成时?现在完成时,过去完成时,将来完成时,现在、过去完成进行时。分词做后置定语分词分为现在分词 doing 和过去分词 done. 分词可以做后置定语放在所修饰的名词之后, 但翻译的时候要把分词放在名词前面来翻译。 Do you know the man sitting in the middle of the room? Have you read any short stories written by Lu Xun ? 分词做后置定语分词做后置定语时,看所修饰的名词和动词的关系来取决于用现在分词还是过去分词。 Do you know the man sitting in the middle of the room? Have you read any short stories written by Lu Xun ? 分词做后置定语分词做后置定语作用相当于一个定语从句。 Do you know the man sitting in the middle of the room? Do you know the man who is sitting in the middle of the room? Have you read any short stories written by Lu Xun ? Have you read any short stories which were written by Lu Xun ? 连词用法 until until 用法用法 1. 用于肯定句中: 1 )Continue in this direction until you see a sign. 一直朝着这个方向走就会看见指示牌了。 2)He ran until he was breathless. 他一直跑到气喘吁吁才停下。 until 用于肯定句中,表示主句的动作一直持续到从句动作发生或状态出现时为止。一般可译为“……直到……为止”。在这种用法中,主句的谓语动词必须是持续动词(非瞬间动词), 如live, wait , last, love, like, stay, work, continue 等。连词用法 until until 用法用法 2. 用于否定句中: 1) I hadn ‘t realized she was foreign until she spoke. 她不说话我还一直不知道她是个外国人。 2) I won ‘t stop shouting until you let me go. 你不放我,我就一直喊叫。连词的 until 用于否定句中,表示主句的动作在从句的动作发生之后才开始。一般可译为“直到……才”。连词用法 Since Since 用法用法 1. since + 过去一个时间点 (如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、 1980, last month, half past six) 。 I have been here since 1989. 2. since + 一段时间+ ago I have been here since five months ago. 3. since + 从句 Great changes have taken place since you left. 4. It is + 一段时间+ since 从句 It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 连词用法 Since Since 用法用法 since 作连词引导时间状语从句的用法。一、若 since 引导的状语从句的谓语动词是终止性的过去时,则从句表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一时刻起”。如: He has studied very hard since he came to our school. 自从他来到我们学校,他学****就非常努力。 We have been missing them since they left here. 连词用法 Since Since 用法用法二、若 since 引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的动词的过去时时,则从句表示的时间是“从那持续动作或状态结束时算起”。如: I haven ’ t heard any noise since I slept. Sleep 为持续性动词, sleep 的动作结束时,即“醒来”时,这句应译为“我醒后还未听到任何声音”。 John is now with his parents in New York, it is already t