文档介绍：Introduction 引言人文地理学, 作为科学王国中一支较小的学科, 尽管常常不被人们关注和重视,然而它却是一支最具活力的学科,它的研究主题——社会的空间组织和人与环境的关系——为许许多多形式的研究和朝气蓬勃的地理学者提供了机遇和挑战。在最近 30 年来,西方人文地理学可以说是百家争鸣、百花齐放。人文地理学家不断地接受他们以前很少遇到的其它学科的新思想、新观念, 这样就给人文地理学的发展带来无限的生机。 Human geography is such a subject full of vitalities despite of being neglected research themes, the social-spatial structure and the relationship between human and environments, have brought opportunities and challenges to both various forms of research and recent 30 years, the western human geography has so many variegated theories and geographers have kept absorbing new ideas and opinions from many other subjects, which gives tremendous vital force to the development of human geography. 一、人文地理学的性质 Characters of human geography 1 、地理学形成及分化 Formation and differentiation of geography 地理学( geography ) 是希腊语中关于地球和书写两个词复合词, 主要研究人类生活空间的地球表面( Haggett , 1990 )。 Geography mainly studies the earth sphere that people live in. 大学地理学的发展一开始就受到自然科学和人文社会科学两大类学科分化的影响,研究自然环境的地理学称为“自然地理学”,研究人工环境的称“人文地理学”。 Geography studied in university had ramifications about “ physical geography ” and “ human geography ” because its development had been affected by the differentiation of natural science and social science from the beginning. 随着科学的进步和社会需求的出现,地理学的定义也在不断地发生变化。通过英国和美国地理学家学会研究组对大多数地理学系课程和学科体系的调查发现, 1990 年代的地理学主要由人文地理学、自然地理学、混合人文和自然地理学和其它领域四个方面所组成。 With the development of sciences and the emergence of social demands, the definition of geography has been evolving continuously. As shown ina survey about the curriculum and the subject system of geography, in the 1990s, geography was consisted of four branches: human geography, physical geography, human- physical geography together with other geography fields. 2 、人文地理学的发展 Progress of human geography 18 世纪后期到 19 世纪早期,德国和法国的人文地理学萌芽 From late 1800s to early 1900s, human geography germinated in German and France. 1918 - 1939 ,两次世界大战之间,处在早期调查阶段 From 1918 to1939, the progress of human geography w