文档介绍：Introduction ? ponents have increased progressively over the years ? Some industries have been outsourcing for an extended time – Fashion Industry (Nike) (all manufacturing outsourced) – Electronics Industry ? Cisco (major suppliers across the world) ? Apple (over 70% ponents outsourced) 1 Not Just Manufacturing but Product Design, Too …? panies now design and manufacture most laptop sold around the world ? Brands such as Hewlett-Packard and PalmOne collaborate with Asian suppliers on the design of their PDAs. 2 Questions/Issues with Outsourcing ? Why do many panies outsource manufacturing, and even innovation, to Asian manufacturers? ? What are the risks involved? ? Should outsourcing strategies depend on product characteristics, such as product clockspeed, and if so how? 3 Discussion Points ? Buy/make decision process – Advantages and the risks with outsourcing – Framework for optimizing buy/make decisions. ? Effective procurement strategies – Framework for identifying the appropriate procurement strategy – Linkage of procurement strategy to outsourcing strategy. ? The procurement process – Independent (public), private, and consortium-based e-marketplaces. – New developments mean higher opportunities and greater challenges faced by many buyers 4 Outsourcing Benefits and Risks Benefits ? Economies of scale – Aggregation of multiple orders reduces costs, both in purchasing and in manufacturing ? Risk pooling – Demand uncertainty transferred to the suppliers – Suppliers reduce uncertainty through the risk-pooling effect ? Reduce capital investment – Capital investment transferred to suppliers. – Suppliers ’ higher investment shared between customers. 5 Outsourcing Benefits ? Focus on petency – Buyer can focus on its core strength – Allows buyer to differentiate from petitors ? Increased flexibility – The ability to better react to changes in customer demand – The ability to use the supplier ’ s technical knowledge to accelerate product