文档介绍：Orthopaedic Examination,
Tests and Clinical Scores
OLIVER MICKE and MICHAEL HEINRICH SEEGENSCHMIEDT
CONTENTS the treatment endpoint and the lack of using vali-
dated evaluation tools such as scores or examination
Introduction & Definition 237 schemes which pass both subjective (patient-
related) and objective (observer-related) criteria for
Nomenclature 238
e analysis and follow-up [46, 47]. In addition
Orthopaedic Examination, Tests and different stages of the disease (acute versus chronic
Clinical Scores 238
type) may interfere with appropriate patient selec-
Orthopaedic Examination 238
Clinical Scores, Scales and Evaluation tion and radiotherapy indication.
Schemes 239 The most important treatment endpoints for ra-
Quality of Life 243 diotherapy of degenerative skeletal disorders are the
Conclusion 245 measurable improvement of physical function and
mobility as well as an increase of the quality of life
References 257
(QOL) due to relief of pain or other burdening clini-
cal symptoms.
In the past many clinical studies dealing with ra-
Keywords: Orthopedic examination, disease classification, diotherapy of skeletal disorders have implemented a
clinical scores, quality of life, neutral-zero-method, Likert categorical scale of clinical response; treatment re-
scale, visual analogue scale, subjective criteria, objective sults were evaluated using the partly modified crite-
criteria, medical e study (MOS), 36-item short-form
ria first described by the German radiologist Giinter
health survey (SF-36)
von Pannewitz [68]. He proposed five different cat-
egories of treatment response to radiotherapy which
refer to induce different changes of the impaired
bone (or joint) function (see Appendix A):
Completely pain free,
Introduction & Definition full function possible.
Substantial pain improvement,
A large number of publications in the l