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Three-Year Follow-up and Clinical Implications of
a Mindfulness Meditation-Based Stress Reduction
Intervention in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders
John J. Miller, ., Ken Fletcher, ., and Jon Kabat-Zinn, .
Abstract: A previous study of 22 medicalpatients with DSM- Introduction
Ill-R-definedanxiety disordersshowed clinically and statisti-
cally significant improvementsin subjective and objective The lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders in the
symptomsof anxiety and panicfollowing an d-weekoutpatient United States is estimated to be between 15% and
physician-referredgroup stressreduction intervention based on 25%. Symptoms of anxiety are often associated
mindfulnessmeditation. Twenty subjectsdemonstrated signif- with and/or exacerbate mon medical
icant reductionsin Hamiltonand BeckAnxiety and Depression conditions. Current treatment strategies for the
scorespostintervention and at 3-month follow-up. In this
study, 3-yearfollow-up data wereobtained and analyzed on 18 various anxiety disorders include psychopharma-
of the original 22 subjectsto probelong-term effects. Repeated cology, cognitive therapy, cognitive/behavioral
measuresanalysis showed maintenance of the gainsobtained in therapy, relaxation training, self-hypnosis, bio-
the original study on the Hamilton [F(2,32) = ; p < feedback, meditation, supportive psych