文档介绍：Simple Nature
An Introduction to Physics
for Engineering and
Physical Science Students
Benjamin Crowell
Light and Matter
Fullerton, California
Copyright
c 2001 Benjamin Crowell
All rights reserved.
Edition — 2001
rev. May 22, 2004
ISBN 0-9704670-7-9
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this docu-
ment under the terms of the mons Attribution Share-
Alike License, which can be found at . The
license applies to the entire text of this book, plus all the illustra-
tions that are by Benjamin Crowell. All the illustrations are by
Benjamin Crowell except as noted in the photo credits or in paren-
theses in the caption of the figure. This book can be downloaded
free of charge from a variety of formats,
including editable formats.
Brief Contents
1 Conservation of Mass 11
2 Conservation of Energy 31
3 Conservation of Momentum 81
4 Conservation of Angular Momentum 149
5 Thermodynamics 191
6 Waves 219
7 Relativity 258
8 Atoms and ism 289
9 DC Circuits 339
10 Fields 373
11 ism 435
12 Quantum Physics 495
3
4
Contents
1 Conservation of Mass
Mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Problem-solving techniques, 13.—Delta notation, 15.
Equivalence of Gravitational and Inertial Mass . . . . . 16
Galilean Relativity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Applications of calculus, 22.
A Preview of Some Modern Physics . . . . . . . . . 25
Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2 Conservation of Energy
Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
The energy concept, 31.—Logical issues, 33.—ic energy, 34.—
Power, 37.—Gravitational energy, 38.—Equilibrium and stability,
43.—Predicting the direction of motion, 44.
Numerical Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Gravitational Phenomena. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Kepler’s laws, 51.—Circular orbits, 53.—The sun’s gravitational
field, 54.—Gravitational energy in general