文档介绍：The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion (Russian: "Протоколысионскихмудрецов" or
"Сионскиепротоколы") is one of many titles given to an antisemitic text purporting to describe a
plan to achieve global domination by the Jewish people. Following its first public publication in
1903 in the Russian Empire, a series of articles printed in The Times in 1921 revealed that much of
the material was directly plagiarized from earlier works of political satire unrelated to Jews. [1]
Publication history
The Protocols appeared in print in the Russian Empire as early as 1903. The anti
Semitic tract was
published in Znamya , a Black Hundreds newspaper owned by Pavel Krushevan, as a serialized set
of articles. It appeared again in 1905 as a final chapter (Chapter XII) of a second edition of Velikoe
v malom i antikhrist (The Great in the Small & Antichrist), a book by Serge Nilus. In 1906 it
appeared in pamphlet form edited by G. Butmi. [1]
These first three (and subsequently more) Russian language imprints were published and circulated
in the Russian Empire during 1903–1906 period as a tool for scapegoating Jews, blamed by the
monarchists for the defeat in the Russo
Japanese War and the 1905 Russian Revolution. Common
to all three texts is the idea that Jews aim for world domination. Since The Protocols are presented
as merely a document, the front matter and back matter are needed to explain its alleged origin. The
diverse imprints, however, are mutually inconsistent. The general claim is that the document was
stolen from a secret anization. Since the alleged original stolen manuscript does not exist,
one is forced to restore a purported original edition. This has been done by the Italian scholar,
Cesare G. De Michelis in 1998, in a work which was translated into English and published in 2004,
where he treats his subject as Apocrypha. [2][3] As fiction in the genre of literature the tract was