文档介绍：一、知识利用试题起源
这次知识利用试题选材来自考研英语必考杂志《经济学人》，原文标题是：A Question of Judgment；原文链接：；选项里大多数单词全部能认识，但不一定能选对，这属于考研英语出题一大特色—熟词生义。文章难度适中，选项看似轻易，但选择起来总感觉模糊不清，极难做判定。命题教授在出题时候也进行了一定程度改写和删除。
A NEVER-ENDING flow of information is the lot of most professionals. Whether it comes in the form of lawyers' cases, doctors' patients or even journalists' stories, this information naturally gets broken up into pieces that can be tackled one at a time during the course of a given day. In theory, a decision made when handling one of these pieces should not have much, if any, impact on similar but unrelated subsequent decisions. Yet Uri Simonsohn of the University of Pennsylvania and Francesca Gino at Harvard report in Psychological Science that this is not how things work out in practice.
Dr Simonsohn and Dr Gino knew from studies done in other laboratories that people are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1. grants the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2. external factors. （But in a world of quotas and limits—in other words, the world in which most professional people operate—the two researchers suspected that it was actually a ） They speculated that an inability to consider the big 3. picture was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4. For example, they theorized that a judge 5. fearful of appearing too soft 7. on crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 8. if he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day.
To 8. test this idea, they turned their attention to the university-admissions process. (Admissions officers interview hundreds of applicants every year, at a rate of 4% a day, and can offer entry to about 40% of them在试卷中删掉了). In theory, the 9. success of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10. chosen randomly for int