文档介绍：Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
动词不定式
阅读下列句子并体会黑体部分的用法
1．Experts hope to learn more about the movement of thunderstorms.
2．There was nothing to be done.
3．The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.
4．When a sandstorm arrives in the city, weather experts advise people not to go out.
5．It is difficult to breathe and the dust makes me ill.
6．To prevent it coming nearer, the government is planting trees.
7．My job is to teach English at this school.
8．I can do nothing but wait at home.
9．She has no choice but to give in.
一、动词不定式
1．动词不定式的时态和语态
语态
时态
主动
被动
一般式
to do
to be done
进行式
to be doing
/
完成式
to have
done
to have been done
(1)不定式的一般式：表示不定式的动作与谓语动词同时(几乎同时)发生或在谓语动词之后发生。
He asked me to help him with the task.
他让我帮他完成这项任务。
(2)不定式的进行式：表示不定式的动作正在进行且与谓语动词同时发生。
He is said to be studying abroad but I don't know which country it is.
据说他正在国外学****但我不知道是哪个国家。
(3)不定式的完成式：表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。
I am sorry to have brought you so much trouble.
对不起，给你添了这么多麻烦。
(4)不定式的被动式：当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，一般使用动词不定式的被动形式。
I'd like to be told what's going on.
我希望被告知正在发生什么。
The factory is reported to have been burnt down.
据报道这家工厂已经被烧毁了。
[名师点津]
不定式用主动形式表示被动意义的常见情况
①在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋( for sb.) to do”结构中，句子的主语与构成不定式的动词有逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有easy，hard，difficult，fit 等。
The book