文档介绍：华中科技大学
硕士学位论文
气泡雾化小流量油枪实验研究
姓名:吴光明
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:热能工程
指导教师:丘纪华
20090525
华中科技大学硕士学位论文
摘要
近年来我国煤价持续走高,为了降低发电成本,越来越多的电厂采用劣质煤种
作为锅炉燃料。传统的锅炉点火油枪在点燃劣质煤粉时不仅需要消耗大量的燃油,
而且冷态启动、低负荷稳燃效果差。因此,研制开发燃油消耗率低、稳燃效果好的
锅炉点火技术具有十分重要的意义。
本文首先介绍了国内外几种比较先进的少油点火技术以及小流量油枪雾化燃烧
的相关理论,然后简述设计的小流量油枪雾化和受限燃烧试验台。
对几种不同结构的小流量油枪枪头进行雾化特性实验,通过雾化实验选取孔径
为的枪头进行热态试验。研究小流量油枪结构、燃油压力、雾化介质压力对
小流量油枪流量特性的影响,得到了燃油压力、小流量油枪枪头喷射孔径对燃油流
量的变化影响很大。通过调整气液比观察小流量油枪雾化情况,得到小流量油枪进
入全雾化阶段的临界雾化气液比值。
在搭建的受限燃烧试验台上进行小流量油枪燃烧实验,研究了小流量油枪火焰
稳定的位置与雾化空气流量的关系以及助燃风流量对小流量油枪燃烧火焰长度和亮
度的影响。实验表明,雾化空气流量越大,火焰稳定的位置离喷口就越远,小流量
油枪着火位置在 60~80mm 范围内时,火焰的稳定性最佳。助燃风流量越大,火焰越
短,且亮度越好。实验还测量了燃烧室内的温度分布以及燃烧产物( CO2、CO、NOX、
SO2、O2)随氧量变化的情况,分析了气液比、燃油量、助燃风流量、过量空气系数
对小流量油枪燃烧温度、燃烧产物以及在燃烧空间分布的影响。

关键词:小流量油枪雾化特性燃烧火焰燃烧生成物
I
华中科技大学硕士学位论文
Abstract
In the recent years, in order to reduce the cost of power generation, more and
more power plants are using low quality coal as a boiler fuel as a result of sustained
high coal price. However, traditional oil-fired boiler ignition has a dramatic
consumption of fuel oil when igniting low quality pulverized coal, and has little effect
on boiler cold start and bustion under low load. Therefore, a new-style
boiler ignition method that has a low fuel oil consumption rate and bustion
effect has very important realistic meaning.
This paper firstly introduces several advanced low-oil-consumption ignition skills in
domestic and abroad and theories of small flow oil gun bustion, and then
summarizes the designed atomization test rig and bustion test rig of small
flow oil gun.
An atomization characteristic test was carried out to test the heads of different
structure of small flow oil gun, then determined to take head of small flow oil gun
as the hot-state test gun head .A test was also took to analyze the impact of small flow oil
gun structure, fuel oil pressure, and pressure of atomization medium flow on the flow
characteristic of small flow oil gun.