文档介绍：COGNITION AND EMOTION, 2002, 16 (2), 217–243
The cognitive regulation of emotions:
The role of ess versus failure experience and
coping dispositions
Heinz Walter Krohne, Manuela Pieper, Nina Knoll, and
Nadine Breimer
Johannes Gutenberg-UniversitaÈ t, Mainz, Germany
Attention deployment and generating specific types of cognitions are central
cognitive mechanisms of emotion regulation. Two groups of hypotheses make
contradicting predictions about the emotion-cognition relationship. The mood-
congruency hypothesis expects the emergence of mood-congruent cognitions (.,
negative mood leads to negative and positive mood to positive cognitions).
Similarly, a substantial body of research suggests that negative mood induces self-
focus, whereas positive mood elicits an external focus of attention. The mood-
repair hypothesis, on the other hand, assumes that persons in a negative mood state
summon thoughts incongruent with that state and divert attention away from the
self. However, the temporal sequence of cognitions assessed as well as coping
dispositions, such as vigilance and cognitive avoidance, may moderate these
relationships. Positive and negative emotional states were elicited by exposing the
participants to the experience of ess or failure in a demanding cognitive task.
Cognitions that were present after emotion induction were assessed by means of a
thought-listing procedure. For the total sample, results clearly confirmed the mood-
congruency hypothesis. Thought order was a critical factor only for changes in
self-focus. Thought valence (positive, neutral, negative) as well as self-focus were
substantially influenced by coping dispositions.
The topic of emotion regulation has been of interest since Freud (1923) began to
examine the relationship between the control of affective impulses and psychic
health. Emotion regulation involves neurophysiological responses, the cognitive
processes of attention, information