文档介绍：Introduction to integrated disease management Introduction Effects of control measures on disease progress Effects of control measures within the plant tissue Translocation and deposition of control measures When to apply a control measure? Concluding remarks Plant life cycle Seed germination Seedling establishment Vegetative growth reproductive growth Seed formation Seed dissemination survival Pathogen life cycle spore germination establishment lesion formation reproductive growth spore formation spore dissemination survival Plant and pathogen life cycles seed germination seedling establishment vegetative growth reproductive growth seed formation seed dissemination survival epidemic Monocyclic pathogens Complete only one disease cycle in a growing season (100 - y) QR dy dt Q = amount of initial inoculum R = infection efficacy of the inoculum y = disease intensity (%) t = time Time Disease intensity (%) Time Disease intensity (logit) QR Logit = ln ( ) 100 100-y For monocyclic pathogens All disease plants are infected from inoculum that survived from the previous season Time Disease intensity (%) Previous season inoculum The host is susceptible for a very short tine (smuts) The infecting structures do not disseminate within the same growing season (soil-borne pathogens) The environmental conditions are conducive for infection for a short time (scab) The growth of the pathogen is very slow Pathogens are monocyclic because: Polycyclic pathogens Complete several disease cycles in a growing season r y dy dt (100 - y) r = apparent infection rate y = disease intensity (%) t = time Time Disease intensity (logit) r Logit = ln ( ) y 100-y Time Disease intensity (%) For polycyclic pathogens Time Disease intensity (%) Few plants are infected from inoculum that survived from the previous season Previous season inoculum current season inoculum Most plants are infected from inoculum that was proliferated