文档介绍：January ,2007 Copyright ? Depart. Anatomy , School of Medicine , Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG brain stem 脑干兰州大学基础医学院人体解剖学教研室 January ,2007 Copyright ? Depart. Anatomy , School of Medicine , Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG ?脑干( brain stem )是位于脊髓和间脑之间的较小部分, 自下而上由延髓、脑桥和中脑组成。?位置:脑干位于颅后窝前部,其中延髓和脑桥的腹侧邻接颅后窝前部的斜坡,背面和小脑相邻。?延髓、脑桥和小脑之间围成的腔隙为第四脑室, 其向下续于延髓和脊髓的中央管,向上接中脑的中脑水管。 January ,2007 Copyright ? Depart. Anatomy , School of Medicine , Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG脑干 January ,2007 Copyright ? Depart. Anatomy , School of Medicine , Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG脑干(一) 脑干的外形(二) 脑干的内部结构(三) 脑干各部代表性水平切面观察(四) 代表性脑干损伤及其临床表现 January ,2007 Copyright ? Depart. Anatomy , School of Medicine , Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG(一)脑干的外形 January ,2007 Copyright ? Depart. Anatomy , School of Medicine , Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG ?脑干的腹侧面,有多处凹陷和膨隆。各部膨隆的深面有纵行的锥体束纤维和神经核,凹陷处则有不同的脑神经穿出。 January ,2007 Copyright ? Depart. Anatomy , School of Medicine , Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG (1) 延髓:延髓脑桥沟;锥体交叉;橄榄。( 2)脑桥:脑桥基底部;基底沟; 小脑中脚(又称脑桥臂);脑桥小脑角。( 3)中脑:大脑脚;脚间窝;后穿质。 January ,2007 Copyright ? Depart. Anatomy , School of Medicine , Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG ?脑干的背侧面与小脑相连。在其中央(延髓上半部和脑桥)由于中央管的敞开而形成一菱形浅窝,即菱形窝,其与小脑之间围成第四脑室。菱形窝下半部属于延髓,上半部属于脑桥,二者以横行的髓纹为界。 January ,2007 Copyright ? Depart. Anatomy , School of Medicine , Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG (1) 延髓:薄束结节;楔束结节; 小脑小脚(又称绳状体) (2) 脑桥:小脑上脚;小脑中脚。(3) 中脑:小丘; 四叠体;上丘臂;下丘臂 January ,2007 Copyright ? Depart. Anatomy , School of Medicine , Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG (4) 菱形窝: 外侧隐窝;髓纹内侧隆起; 面神经丘; 舌下神经三角; 迷走神经三角; 分隔索;最后区前庭区;听结节蓝斑;闩